Both Hannah Arendt and Dorothy Thompson understood the refugee crises of the 1930s to be not the cause, but a symptom of a nationalism that was ‘turning the world into a jungle.’ Refugees were ‘people forced to run away from one part of the jungle to another’ … an advancing crowd shouting a great warning:The jungle is growing up, and the jungle is on fire.’ (Lyndsey Stonebridge, Placeless People p 23)